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Omkar N. Koul
- Transcription
- Introduction
- References
- Lesson 1
Lesson 2
- Lesson 3
- Lesson 4
- Lesson 5
- Lesson 6
- Lesson 7
- Lesson 8
- Lesson 9
- Lesson 10
- Lesson 11
- Lesson 12
- Lesson 13
- Lesson 14
- Lesson 15
- Lesson 16
- Lesson 17
- Lesson 18
- Lesson 19
- Lesson 20
- Appendix
- PDF format
   
Spoken Kashmiri: A Language Course

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LESSON 10

Lesson

Drills

Exercises

Notes

Vocabulary

Notes

Personal pronouns in dative case
Personal pronouns in dative case are as follows: 

Notice that the second and third person plural f.mp3s are used for honorific singulars as well. The pronouns do not change for gender.

Demonstrative pronouns in dative case
Following are the f.mp3s of the demonstrative pronouns used with inanimate and animate objects in date case:

The plural f.mp3s are used for honorific singulars as well.

Dative case
The subjects in dative case are f.mp3ed by adding -as or -is suffixes to the masculine nouns and the faminine nouns which end in I. The suffix -i is added to the faminine nouns:

Notice that -as is added to the -I  vowel ending or the consonant ending masculine nouns preceded by low vowel. The suffix -is is added to the consonant ending masculine nouns which are preceded by a high or mid back vowel. the suffix -i is added to all other feminine nouns. As a result of adding of these suffixes, certain morphophonemic changes occur.

Postpositions
In Kashmiri postpositions are of two types: (1) Those which follow the nouns in dative case, and (2) those which follow the nouns in ablative case. In this lesson, we have used the postpositions:
All these postpositions follow the subjects in dative case:

In case postpositions follow a subject phrase containing a det.mp3iner and noun, both the constituents of the phrase take the dative case f.mp3s:

Future f.mp3s of verbs
The following suffixes are added to the consonant and vowel ending main verb roots for f.mp3ing the future f.mp3s agreeing with the subject in person and number:

Examples:

 

Lesson Drills Exercises Notes Vocabulary
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