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Omkar N. Koul
- Transcription
- Introduction
- References
- Lesson 1
Lesson 2
- Lesson 3
- Lesson 4
- Lesson 5
- Lesson 6
- Lesson 7
- Lesson 8
- Lesson 9
- Lesson 10
- Lesson 11
- Lesson 12
- Lesson 13
- Lesson 14
- Lesson 15
- Lesson 16
- Lesson 17
- Lesson 18
- Lesson 19
- Lesson 20
- Appendix
- PDF Format
   
Spoken Kashmiri: A Language Course

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LESSON 15

Lesson

Drills

Exercises

Notes

Vocabulary

Notes

Present and perfect tense
In this lesson, sentence constructions with the present and past perfect tense have been used in objectival constructions (using transitive main verbs). In case main verbs are transitive, the forms of auxiliary verb a:sun 'be' are used in ergative. The present and past forms of the auxiliary verb are used in the present and past perfect constructions respectively.

Auxiliary verbs in ergative
Following are the present and past forms of the auxiliary verb in the ergative agreeing with the subject in person, and with object in gender and number:


Personal pronouns in ergative
Following are the forms of the personal pronouns in ergative:

Demonstrative pronouns in ergative

Nouns in ergative case
The following suffixes are added to the nouns in ergative case:

Examples:

 

Lesson Drills Exercises Notes Vocabulary
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