Main verb roots
In Kashmiri main verb roots are of two types: consonant ending roots and vowel ending roots. Most of the verbs have consonant ending roots and only a limited number of verbs (about seven) have vowel ending roots. Infinitives are formed by adding -un suffix to the roots:


Notice that certain phonological changes take place while forming infinitive forms in the second category of verbs.

Present progressive
The present progressive is formed by adding the suffix -a:n to the main verb roots and by using the present auxiliary verbs agreeing with the subject in person, number, and gender.

Present auxiliary verbs
It is to be noted that the present auxiliary verb forms and the copular verb forms of the copular verb be are the same.

Past auxiliary verbs
Following are the forms of the past auxiliary verb a:s 'be' agreeing with the subject in person, number and gender:

It is to be noted that the second and third person masculine plural forms are used for honorific second and third person singular subjects respectively. E.g.

Past progressive
Sentences with past progressive are constructed by adding the progressive suffix -a:n to the main verb and by using the auxiliary form of the verb agreeing with the subject in person, number and gender.

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