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Omkar N. Koul
- Transcription
- Introduction
- References
- Lesson 1
Lesson 2
- Lesson 3
- Lesson 4
- Lesson 5
- Lesson 6
- Lesson 7
- Lesson 8
- Lesson 9
- Lesson 10
- Lesson 11
- Lesson 12
- Lesson 13
- Lesson 14
- Lesson 15
- Lesson 16
- Lesson 17
- Lesson 18
- Lesson 19
- Lesson 20
- Appendix
- PDF format
   
Spoken Kashmiri: A Language Course

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LESSON 8

Lesson

Drills

Exercises

Notes

Vocabulary

Notes

Present and past indefinite construction
The present and past indefinite constructions are f.mp3ed by adding the suffix -a:n to the main verb, and by using the f.mp3s of present or past auxiliary verbs agreeing with the subject in person, gender and number.

Adverbs of place
The locative case markers -I and -i are added to the consonant ending adverbs of place for indicating the location. E.g.

A zero suffix   is added to the -a: ending adverbs of place:

Adverbs of time
The suffix -i is added to all the constituents of adverbs of time phrases to indicate the definiteness. E.g.

Notice that certain morphophonemic changes take place after these suffixes are added: The semi-vowel /y/ is added after the final vowel of monosyllabic roots, and the final vowel of the disyllabic words is elided before the suffix -i is added to it.

Coordinate conjunction morpheme  'and'
The coordinate conjunction morpheme  'and' is used to conjoin two or more than two noun phrases, verb phrases or sentences which are of the similar structure. E.g.

 

Lesson Drills Exercises Notes Vocabulary
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