Omkar N.
Wakhlu & Bharat Wakhlu
NOTE: Click on any jpg image below to listen to the
audio clip.
Chapter 10
Order of Words
Before we examine the order of
words in Kashmiri let us have a look at the following short sentences.
English |
Kashmiri |
1. I am happy. |
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2. She is pretty. |
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3. He is ill. |
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4. You are tired. |
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5. We are ready. |
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6. They are Kashmiris. |
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7. I am late. |
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8. Am I late? |
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9. Is she a Kashmiri? |
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10. She is a Kashmiri. |
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11. Are we all here? |
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12. I speak Kashmiri. |
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13. I don't know Kashmiri. |
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14. How is your wife? |
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15. See you again soon. |
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16. You are looking very
nice. |
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17. It's fine weather
today. |
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18. Forgive me for
interrupting. |
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19. He had much to relate. |
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20. Everybody listened
with great interest. |
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21. I have met you before. |
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22. What is this? |
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23. Keep these books
properly. |
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In the above sentences notice
the various pronouns used and their inflexional f.mp3s.
As you might have noticed the
order of words in the above sentences is more or less comparable to English.
However, when we ask questions in Kashmiri the sound at the end of the verb
(designating action) indicates whether you are asking a question or otherwise;
see examples above sentences Nos. 7, 8, 9, & 10. Compared with English more
words are used in Kashmiri to express the same idea, sometimes fewer.
Do you understand? Yo do
understand?
Do you speak?
Are you speaking?
Kashmiri is easy to speak.
See the order of words. In
Kashmiri we say the English sentence somewhat in this mental f.mp3: |
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Kashmiri,
to speak is, easy.
In Kashmiri the equivalent
of the verb "to do" is not used to f.mp3 questions or to make
negative statements e.g.
She is not eating.
She does not eat.
Both the statements in
English are understood by one Kashmiri sentence which is to be understood
in the context of the situation. |
Chus = (to)
be/am |
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Singular |
Plural |
I am |
We are |
You are |
They are |
He is |
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She is |
They are |
Now repeat the following
sentences carefully till you get a hang of the pronouns in various f.mp3s:
1. I have a pen. |
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2. You have a book. |
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3. He/she has a notebook. |
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4. We have pens. |
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5. You have books. |
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6. They have notebooks. |
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Chu =(to) have |
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Masculine |
Feminine |
I have
(observe how the sound of Chu changes to Chi in the
feminine) |
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You have |
You have |
He has |
She has |
We have |
We have |
They have |
They have |
Singular
(object) |
Plural
(objects) |
I have a
thing. |
I have many
things. |
You have (a
thing). |
You have (many
things). |
He has (a
thing). |
He has many
things. |
We have a
thing. |
We have many
things. |
They have a
thing. |
They have many
things. |
And so on; learn the
sentences by heart.
In the next section we will get
more practice in the use of words and sentences in the f.mp3 of asking questions
and giving answers.
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