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Let's Learn Kashmiri

TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Preface
- The Alphabet
- Words
- Counting Numbers
A Short Story
- Some Special Usages
- More Words
- Differentiating Sounds
- Short Sentences
- Some Notes on Grammar
- Order of Words
- Questions & Answers
- Where, Who, What, When
- Question Sentences
- Time
- Verbs
- Days of the Week
- Ordinal and Fractional Numbers and Multiples
- Pronouns
- Important Adjectives: A Short Glossary
- More about Grammar
- Relations
- Sentences showing use of Prepositions
- Some Antonyms
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- Some Idiomatic Phrases
- More Proverbs/Idioms
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- Some Common Usages
- Some Couplets from Great Kashmiri Poets
- To Remember by Heart
   

Omkar N. Wakhlu & Bharat Wakhlu

NOTE: Click on any jpg image below to listen to the audio clip.

Chapter 10
Order of Words

Before we examine the order of words in Kashmiri let us have a look at the following short sentences.
 
English Kashmiri
1. I am happy.
2. She is pretty.
3. He is ill.
4. You are tired.
5. We are ready.
6. They are Kashmiris.
7. I am late.
8. Am I late?
9. Is she a Kashmiri?
10. She is a Kashmiri.
11. Are we all here?
12. I speak Kashmiri.
13. I don't know Kashmiri.
14. How is your wife?
15. See you again soon.
16. You are looking very nice.
17. It's fine weather today.
18. Forgive me for interrupting.
19. He had much to relate.
20. Everybody listened with great interest.
21. I have met you before.
22. What is this?
23. Keep these books properly.

In the above sentences notice the various pronouns used and their inflexional f.mp3s.
 

As you might have noticed the order of words in the above sentences is more or less comparable to English. However, when we ask questions in Kashmiri the sound at the end of the verb (designating action) indicates whether you are asking a question or otherwise; see examples above sentences Nos. 7, 8, 9, & 10. Compared with English more words are used in Kashmiri to express the same idea, sometimes fewer.
 

Do you understand? Yo do understand?

Do you speak?
Are you speaking?

Kashmiri is easy to speak.
See the order of words. In Kashmiri we say the English sentence somewhat in this mental f.mp3:
 
Kashmiri, to speak is, easy.
In Kashmiri the equivalent of the verb "to do" is not used to f.mp3 questions or to make negative statements e.g.

She is not eating.
She does not eat.
Both the statements in English are understood by one Kashmiri sentence which is to be understood in the context of the situation.

Chus = (to) be/am  
Singular Plural
I am We are
You are They are
He is  
She is They are

Now repeat the following sentences carefully till you get a hang of the pronouns in various f.mp3s:
 
1. I have a pen.
2. You have a book.
3. He/she has a notebook.
4. We have pens.
5. You have books.
6. They have notebooks.

Chu =(to) have  
Masculine Feminine
I have (observe how the sound of Chu changes to Chi in the feminine)  
You have You have
He has She has
We have We have
They have They have

Singular (object) Plural (objects)
I have a thing. I have many things.
You have (a thing). You have (many things).
He has (a thing). He has many things.
We have a thing. We have many things.
They have a thing. They have many things.


And  so on; learn the sentences by heart.

In the next section we will get more practice in the use of words and sentences in the f.mp3 of asking questions and giving answers.

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