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TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Preface
- Introduction
- Note on the Diacritical Marks Used
- The Alphabets
- The Vowels
- The Consonants
- Acknowledgments
   
 

NOTE: Click on any image to listen to its audio clip.

The Consonants

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The hard retroflex consonants come next in sequence. These include: 

All the symbols above are just like the soft dentals that follow, except that they have dots beneath them. These indicate that they are pronounced "hard".

The symbol  is representative of the sound of the letter T in the English word TIME.

Kashmiri words that make use of this sound and symbol include:
= An earthenware plate.
= An earthenware jar for storing grain, also, an earthen container usually embedded in the wall adjacent to an open stove for heating water.

The consonant  has no equivalent sound in English, but its sound is discernible as that of the letters TH in the word THUG (as in Hindi). Its use in Kashmiri is in words such as:

The consonant  is pronounced as the letter D in the English word DID. In Kashmiri, these are some of the words that use this sound:

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