NOTES

• The shawl industry is one of the oldest industries in Kashmir. It can be traced back to the Ramayana and the Mahabharata period of Indian history. The valley of Kashmir is traditionally known for  (shawls),  (paddy, da:ni), and   (turnips). Kashmiri shawls are divided into two general categories:

, and . A   is woven on a loom in separate pieces, and then put together with great care so that it appears to be made of one piece. An   is embroidered, and the patterns are developed by the needlework.  The   (pashmina) for an  is made by one person, and, afterwards, the embroidery is done by a   (embroiderer).
• , , and raphal are the names of materials from which Kashmiri shawls are made.
• and   are two of the most expensive types of Kashmiri shawls. A   is made of such delicate material, that the shawl can pass through the opening of a ring.