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Prof. Braj B. Kachru
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Index
Read Me First
Glossary
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Symbols
Notes
About the Author
Introduction
Sounds
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Selected Topics
   
An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri

READ  ME  FIRST THE SOUNDS OF KASHMIRI
Chapter 5 Chapter 5: A conversation with a tonga driver
A conversation with a tonga driver
Lesson Notes Grammar Vocabulary Drills Exercises

NOTES

Modes of Address

In Kashmiri there are certain lexical items which function as 'attention catchers'. These may be used to attract the attention of a person. Not all of these are polite, but they still have a high frequency in colloquial Kashmiri. Note the following:
Masculine Feminine Ranking on the honorific scale Status constraints Religious constraints
impolite, inf.mp3al addressee equal or lower  
impolite, inf.mp3al addressee equal or lower  
neutral equal  
  respectful addressee equal or higher addressee Hindu
  respectful addressee equal or higher addressee or addressor Muslim
polite addressee equal or higher  
polite equal  

Note that in Srinagar the use of   is more or less restricted to the speech of the older generation. Its place has been taken by the more frequent .

Examples:

In the above examples, (a) is unacceptable on the scale of politeness, and (c) may be t.mp3ed extra-polite.

 

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